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Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

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Published on: September 20, 2020

Acute exercise on memory function: open vs. closed skilled exercise.

Justin Cantrelle¹, Grace Burnett¹, Paul D Loprinzi¹

¹Exercise & Memory Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.

Health Promotion Perspectives

|April 17, 2020

Summary

Acute exercise impacts memory differently based on movement patterns. Closed-skilled exercise, like treadmill running, enhanced retrospective memory more than open-skilled exercise, such as racquetball.

Keywords:

Cognition Metacognition Running Walking

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Area of Science:

Exercise Science
Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience

Background:

Previous research indicates acute exercise can benefit memory.
Few studies have explored how different exercise movement patterns, like open-skilled vs. closed-skilled, affect memory.
Open-skilled exercises, requiring dynamic reactions to unpredictable environments, may influence memory-related neurotrophins more than closed-skilled exercises.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether retrospective and prospective memory are differentially affected by acute open-skilled versus closed-skilled exercise.
To compare the effects of racquetball (open-skilled) and treadmill exercise (closed-skilled) on memory function.

Main Methods:

A within-subject design was used, with participants completing two counterbalanced 30-minute exercise sessions (racquetball and treadmill) at 60% heart rate reserve.
Retrospective and prospective memory were assessed during and after each exercise condition using short- and long-term recall tasks, including multiple word-list trials with varying delays.

Main Results:

No significant differences were observed in prospective memory performance between the two exercise conditions.
Retrospective memory showed a significant main effect for exercise condition, with better performance after closed-skilled exercise (treadmill) compared to open-skilled exercise (racquetball).
While memory recall improved across trials, there was no significant interaction between exercise condition and trial, indicating a consistent effect of condition across learning and recall phases.

Conclusions:

Closed-skilled acute exercise, specifically treadmill exercise, resulted in greater retrospective memory performance compared to open-skilled acute exercise, such as racquetball.
The type of movement pattern in acute exercise may differentially influence specific types of memory, with closed-skilled exercise showing an advantage for retrospective memory.