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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina
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Epigenetics and genome stability.

Justina X Feng1, Nicole C Riddle2

  • 1Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.

Mammalian Genome : Official Journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society
|April 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic mechanisms are crucial for maintaining genome stability, preventing DNA damage, and protecting against aging and cancer. These processes involve DNA modifications, histone changes, and chromatin structure, highlighting their integral role.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Genome stability is vital for organism health and survival.
  • Instability is linked to aging and diseases like cancer.
  • Numerous pathways ensure genome integrity against DNA damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the central role of epigenetic mechanisms in maintaining genome stability.
  • To highlight the diverse functions of epigenetics in genome protection.
  • To identify areas requiring further research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on epigenetics and genome stability.
  • Analysis of DNA modifications, histone variants, and chromatin structure.
  • Examination of non-coding RNAs' role in genome integrity.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms are integral to genome stability maintenance.
  • DNA modifications, histone variants, chromatin structure, and non-coding RNAs play key roles.
  • Epigenetics ensures centromere/telomere function and protects against transposable elements.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms are fundamental to genome stability.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand these complex pathways.
  • Epigenetic regulation is essential for preventing age-related diseases and cancer.