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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

5.0K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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What is the Skeletal System?01:02

What is the Skeletal System?

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Overview
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Author Spotlight: An Economic and Efficient Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Bone Microarchitecture in a Murine Osteoporosis Model
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Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis.

Ahmed Al Saedi1,2, Nicole Stupka1,2, Gustavo Duque3,4

  • 1Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia.

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Understanding bone cells like osteoclasts and osteoblasts is key to developing new osteoporosis treatments. This review details their roles in bone health and disease for better therapeutic strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Bone biology
  • Cellular mechanisms
  • Osteoporosis pathogenesis

Background:

  • Osteoporosis prevalence increases with aging populations.
  • Current osteoporosis treatments have limited efficacy and side effects.
  • New therapeutic approaches require deeper understanding of bone biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate cellular mechanisms in osteoporosis pathogenesis.
  • To review the roles of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes in bone turnover.
  • To explore the role of adipocytes and bone marrow fat in bone degeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of cellular mechanisms in bone physiology and pathology.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways regulating osteoclast and osteoblast function.
  • Examination of osteocyte and adipocyte roles in bone health.

Main Results:

  • Detailed discussion of osteoclast regulators and resorption pathways.
  • Examination of factors and pathways in osteoblastogenesis.
  • Review of osteocyte endocrine functions and adipocyte implications.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of bone cell function is crucial for effective osteoporosis treatment.
  • Further research into cellular mechanisms can lead to novel therapeutic targets.
  • Elucidating the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is vital for developing better bone disease therapies.