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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Dissociative amnesia is a complex psychological condition that manifests as an inability to recall personal information, often tied to traumatic or stressful events. Unlike general amnesia, individuals with this condition retain the ability to perform routine activities and procedural tasks, such as operating a phone or navigating public transportation, yet experience profound gaps in autobiographical memory. These lapses may encompass significant life events, such as suicide attempts or...
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Delirium superimposed on dementia.

Alessandro Morandi1,2, Giuseppe Bellelli3

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation, Aged Care "Fondazione Camplani" Hospital, Via Aselli 14, 26100, Cremona, CR, Italy. morandi.alessandro@gmail.com.

European Geriatric Medicine
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Delirium superimposed on dementia (DSD) is a growing challenge. Early recognition and management are crucial for better patient outcomes, requiring improved healthcare provider education on this understudied condition.

Keywords:
DeliriumDelirium superimposed on dementiaDementiaOlder

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatrics
  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Delirium superimposed on dementia (DSD) is an increasingly prevalent clinical issue.
  • Dementia is a significant risk factor for delirium, and vice versa, leading to adverse outcomes.
  • DSD is often under-recognized or misdiagnosed as dementia progression, especially in advanced stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of DSD.
  • To highlight the importance of recognizing and managing DSD in clinical practice.
  • To emphasize the need for healthcare provider education on DSD.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a narrative review.
  • It synthesizes existing literature on delirium superimposed on dementia.
  • Focuses on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management strategies.

Main Results:

  • DSD presents diagnostic challenges due to overlapping symptoms with dementia.
  • Multicomponent interventions by multidisciplinary teams are effective for delirium prevention.
  • Antipsychotics should be used cautiously in DSD patients due to potential harm.

Conclusions:

  • Improving healthcare provider knowledge on DSD is essential for enhancing patient care quality.
  • DSD is an epidemiologically relevant but understudied condition.
  • Effective management requires distinguishing DSD from dementia progression and implementing preventive strategies.