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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

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Characteristic Executive Dysfunction for High-Functioning Autism Sustained to Adulthood.

Rao Xie1, Xiao Sun1, Li Yang1

  • 1Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, (Peking University), Beijing, China.

Autism Research : Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research
|April 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Adults with high-functioning autism (HFA) exhibit moderate executive dysfunction (EF) across several domains, particularly in flexibility and planning. This meta-analysis highlights the need for ongoing EF interventions from childhood through adulthood for individuals with HFA.

Keywords:
Asperger's syndromeexecutive functionhigh-functioning autism spectrum disordermeta-analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Developmental Disorders

Background:

  • Executive dysfunction (EF) in high-functioning autism (HFA) remains debated, especially in adults.
  • Clarifying EF characteristics is crucial for clinical diagnosis and interventions in adult HFA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a meta-analysis on executive function (EF) characteristics in adults with HFA compared to typically developing (TD) adults.
  • To investigate five key EF components: inhibition, working memory, flexibility, planning, and fluency.

Main Methods:

  • Searched PubMed and Embase for studies comparing EF in adults with and without HFA (1980-Nov 2018).
  • Utilized Hedges' g effect sizes and meta-regressions to analyze data from 42 studies (2419 participants).

Main Results:

  • A moderate overall effect size (g = 0.57) indicated reduced EF in adults with HFA compared to TD adults.
  • Predominant impairments were observed in flexibility (g = 0.69) and planning (g = 0.64), followed by inhibition, working memory, and fluency.

Conclusions:

  • Results support the executive dysfunction hypothesis in adults with HFA.
  • Findings have clinical implications for diagnosis, targeted interventions, and understanding the developmental trajectory of EF in HFA.