Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 24, 2025
07:31
Nitropeptide Profiling and Identification Illustrated by Angiotensin II
Published on: June 16, 2019
6.0K
Kinetics Analysis of the Reactions between Peroxynitric Acid and Amino Acids
Takashi Yokoyama1, Shinya Miyazaki1, Satoshi Ikawa2
1Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Chemical Research in Toxicology
|April 17, 2020
Summary
Peroxynitric acid (PNA), a potent disinfectant found in plasma-treated water, shows high bactericidal activity and unique, selective reactivity with methionine, suggesting potential in biological applications.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Microbiology
- Plasma Science
Background:
- Low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in water, creating plasma-treated water (PTW) with bactericidal properties.
- Peroxynitric acid (PNA) has been identified as the primary bactericidal agent in PTW.
- PNA can be synthesized independently and its properties are well-characterized, but its biological applications remain unexplored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the bactericidal activity of PNA.
- To evaluate the reactivity of PNA with 20 naturally occurring amino acids to elucidate its reaction mechanisms with biomolecules.
- To explore the potential biological applications of PNA based on its unique reactivity profile.
Main Methods:
- Assessed the bactericidal efficacy of PNA.
- Quantified the reactivity of PNA with 20 standard amino acids.
- Compared PNA's reactivity and bactericidal activity with hypochlorous acid and sodium hypochlorite.
Main Results:
- PNA demonstrated significantly higher bactericidal activity (310x) compared to sodium hypochlorite.
- PNA exhibited remarkably low reactivity (10^-6 fold) with most amino acids compared to other RONS.
- PNA showed highly specific reactivity, with reactions to methionine over 100 times greater than with other amino acids.
Conclusions:
- PNA possesses potent bactericidal properties and a unique selectivity for methionine.
- The specific reactivity of PNA with methionine, an amino acid involved in critical cellular functions, warrants further investigation for biological and medical applications.
- PNA's distinct reaction profile distinguishes it from other oxidants, opening avenues for targeted biological interventions.
Related Concept Videos
01:261° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview
3.8K
Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
3.8K
01:371° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism
4.6K
Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
4.6K
01:08Nitriles to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis
4.8K
Nitriles undergo acid-catalyzed hydrolysis or base-catalyzed hydrolysis to form a carboxylic acid. These reactions proceed via an amide intermediate.
4.8K
01:202° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2
5.2K
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
5.2K
01:28Amides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis
4.2K
Amides can undergo either acid-catalyzed hydrolysis or base-promoted hydrolysis through a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution. Each hydrolysis requires severe conditions.
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis:
Hydrolysis of amides under acidic conditions yields carboxylic acids. Since the reaction occurs slowly, hydrolysis requires the conditions of heat.
The mechanism begins with the protonation of the carbonyl oxygen by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the amide carbonyl carbon more...
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis:
Hydrolysis of amides under acidic conditions yields carboxylic acids. Since the reaction occurs slowly, hydrolysis requires the conditions of heat.
The mechanism begins with the protonation of the carbonyl oxygen by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the amide carbonyl carbon more...
4.2K
01:29Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds
4.5K
Oximes can be reduced to primary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, or sodium metal reduction. The reduction of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds to primary amines takes place by either catalytic hydrogenation or by using active metals like Fe, Zn, and Sn in the presence of an acid.
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...
4.5K