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Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...

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Updated: Apr 13, 2026

Isolation of Distinct Cell Populations from the Developing Cerebellum by Microdissection

Isolation of Distinct Cell Populations from the Developing Cerebellum by Microdissection

Published on: September 21, 2014

Deconstructing cerebellar development cell by cell.

Max J van Essen¹, Samuel Nayler¹, Esther B E Becker¹

¹Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

|April 17, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New single-cell sequencing reveals how the cerebellum develops diverse neural cell types. This research offers insights into cerebellar development, neural repair, and human evolution.

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Modeling Human Cerebellar Development In Vitro in 2D Structure

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Published on: September 16, 2022

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Genetics

Background:

The cerebellum integrates motor and sensory information, but its postnatal development makes it susceptible to pathologies.
Understanding cerebellar neuronal diversity requires knowledge of gene expression in spatially and temporally coordinated cell populations.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent discoveries in cerebellar development, focusing on single-cell sequencing.
To elucidate neural progenitor developmental trajectories and cellular heterogeneity.
To explore implications for neural repair and human evolution.

Main Methods:

Review of single-cell sequencing studies in mice and humans.
Analysis of genetic-induced fate mapping and gene expression patterns.
Examination of functional studies on cerebellar injury and neural repair.

Main Results:

Single-cell sequencing provides unprecedented resolution of neural progenitor developmental trajectories.
New insights into the genetic programs driving cerebellar cellular heterogeneity.
Postnatal cellular identities may be less stable than previously assumed, impacting neural repair.

Conclusions:

Recent advances, particularly single-cell sequencing, have significantly advanced our understanding of cerebellar neural diversity.
This knowledge has implications for understanding cerebellar development, potential therapeutic strategies for injury, and human evolution.