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Area of Science:

  • Software Engineering
  • Object-Oriented Programming
  • Empirical Software Analysis

Background:

  • Software development often neglects object-oriented best practices, leading to code smells.
  • Design patterns offer solutions to common object-oriented design problems.
  • The relationship between design patterns and code smells remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically investigate the co-occurrence relationship between design patterns and code smells.
  • To analyze this relationship at different granularity levels within software systems.

Main Methods:

  • An empirical study was conducted on ten open-source Java systems.
  • Twenty design patterns and thirteen code smells were analyzed.
  • Statistical analysis and association rule mining were employed.

Main Results:

  • Classes participating in design patterns showed significantly lower smell proneness and frequency.
  • All design pattern categories demonstrated a similar impact on smell proneness.
  • Specific associations were found; for example, the Command pattern can co-occur with God Class, Blob, and External Duplication smells.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of design patterns generally correlates with reduced code smells.
  • While design patterns mitigate overall smell proneness, specific pattern-smell co-occurrences exist.
  • Findings suggest a nuanced relationship, highlighting the importance of context in pattern application.