Targeting senescent cells to attenuate cardiovascular disease progression

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common disease to increase as life expectancy increases. Most high-profile pharmacological treatments for age-related CVD have led to inefficacious results, implying that novel approaches to treating these pathologies are needed. Emerging data have demonstrated that senescent cardiovascular cells, which are characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest and a distinct senescence-associated secretory phenotype, accumulate in aged or diseased cardiovascular systems, suggesting that they may impair cardiovascular function. This review discusses the evidence implicating senescent cells in cardiovascular ageing, the onset and progression of CVD, and the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiovascular cell senescence. We also review eradication of senescent cardiovascular cells by small-molecule-drug-mediated apoptosis and immune cell-mediated efferocytosis and toxicity as promising and precisely targeted therapeutics for CVD prevention and treatment.