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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
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Exosomes Represent an Immune Suppressive T Cell Checkpoint in Human Chronic Inflammatory Microenvironments.

Gautam N Shenoy1, Maulasri Bhatta2, Jenni L Loyall1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York, USA.

Immunological Investigations
|April 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Immunosuppressive exosomes from chronic inflammation, like those in tumors, inhibit T cell activation. These exosomes, expressing ganglioside GD3, represent a new target for enhancing immune responses.

Keywords:
ExosomesT cellschronic inflammationganglioside GD3immune checkpointnasal polypsrheumatoid arthritissynovial fluid

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Exosome Biology

Background:

  • T cells in chronic inflammatory tissues show hypo-responsiveness.
  • Exosomes are implicated in tumor-associated T cell suppression.
  • The role of exosomes in chronic inflammation-induced T cell suppression is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if exosomes from chronic inflammatory microenvironments suppress T cell function.
  • To identify mechanisms of T cell suppression by these exosomes.

Main Methods:

  • Exosomes isolated via ultracentrifugation and characterized using nanoparticle tracking analysis, SEM, antibody arrays, and flow exometry.
  • T cell activation assessed by NFκB nuclear translocation.
  • Exosomes derived from nasal polyps and rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid.

Main Results:

  • Exosomes from chronic inflammatory tissues were successfully isolated and characterized.
  • These exosomes were found to inhibit T cell activation via the T cell receptor (TCR).
  • Ganglioside GD3 on the exosomal surface partially mediates this immune suppression.

Conclusions:

  • Immunosuppressive exosomes in non-malignant chronic inflammation act as a novel T cell checkpoint.
  • These exosomes represent a potential therapeutic target to improve T cell responses.
  • Targeting these exosomes could enhance current therapies and prevent disease recurrence.