Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn
11:27

A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn

Published on: April 7, 2023

7.1K

Cardiopulmonary failure in children infected with Enterovirus A71

Shao-Hsuan Hsia1,2, Jainn-Jim Lin1,2, Oi-Wa Chan1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

Journal of Biomedical Science
|April 18, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) causes hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and can lead to severe cardiopulmonary failure (CPF) in children. Management involves supportive care, with neurological sequelae often being an inevitable outcome.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a significant cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD).
  • EV-A71 infection can lead to severe neurological and cardiopulmonary complications in children.
  • Cardiopulmonary failure (CPF) is a critical complication requiring specific management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis of CPF in EV-A71 infection.
  • To outline clinical manifestations and management strategies for CPF.
  • To discuss clinical outcomes and long-term care considerations for affected children.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on EV-A71 and CPF.
  • Pathogenesis is explained through mechanisms like catecholamine cardiotoxicity and cytokine storm.
  • Clinical data on manifestations, management, and outcomes are discussed.

Main Results:

  • CPF pathogenesis involves brainstem encephalitis, cardiotoxicity, and vasodilatory shock.
  • Early signs include sympathetic hyperactivity (tachycardia, hypertension).
  • Severe cases may require advanced support like extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Conclusions:

  • CPF in EV-A71 infection requires multidisciplinary supportive care.
  • Neurological sequelae are common in severe cases.
  • Long-term care and medico-social support are crucial for affected children.

Keywords:
Brainstem encephalitisCardiopulmonary failureChildrenEnterovirus A71Pulmonary edema

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Simulating Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Using a Neonatal Piglet Model04:55

Author Spotlight: Simulating Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Using a Neonatal Piglet Model

Published on: May 26, 2023

1.2K
Insertion, Maintenance, and Removal of the Percutaneous Dual Lumen Cannula Right Ventricular Assist Device07:41

Insertion, Maintenance, and Removal of the Percutaneous Dual Lumen Cannula Right Ventricular Assist Device

Published on: July 20, 2022

2.2K

Related Concept Videos

Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
911
Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
372
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
661
Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
709
Acute Respiratory Failure-IV01:23

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
456
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
707