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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

A Proximal Culture Method to Study Paracrine Signaling Between Cells
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Exosomal miRNAs in tumor microenvironment.

Shiming Tan1, Longzheng Xia1, Pin Yi1,2

  • 1Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR
|April 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tumor-derived exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) reshape the tumor microenvironment (TME), promoting tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to treatment. This review details how these exosomal miRNAs reprogram the TME.

Keywords:
CAFsangiogenesisexosomal miRNAsimmune microenvironmenttumor microenvironment (TME)

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises cells and non-cellular components crucial for tumor survival and progression.
  • Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles, are key mediators of intercellular communication within the TME.
  • Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) are biologically active molecules transferred between cells, influencing tumor behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of exosomal miRNAs in reshaping the tumor microenvironment.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which tumor-derived exosomal miRNAs promote tumor growth, metastasis, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating exosomal miRNAs and their impact on the TME.
  • Analysis of current research on the molecular mechanisms of exosomal miRNA transfer and function.
  • Synthesis of findings on the role of exosomal miRNAs in key aspects of tumor progression.

Main Results:

  • Tumor-derived exosomal miRNAs actively reprogram the TME.
  • These miRNAs contribute to matrix remodeling, fostering a pro-tumorigenic environment.
  • Exosomal miRNAs are implicated in promoting tumor cell migration, immune suppression, and resistance to chemotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomal miRNAs are critical regulators of TME dynamics.
  • Targeting exosomal miRNAs presents a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
  • Further research is warranted to fully understand and exploit the therapeutic potential of exosomal miRNAs in oncology.