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Updated: Dec 23, 2025

CUBIC Protocol Visualizes Protein Expression at Single Cell Resolution in Whole Mount Skin Preparations
Published on: August 4, 2016
Immunostaining study of cytokeratins in human hair follicle development
Laura Maria Andrade Silva1, Ricardo Hsieh2, Silvia Vanessa Lourenço3
1Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine of Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Service of Dermatology, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Service of Dermatology, Hospital Santa Izabel, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
Background:
The hair follicle is a unique structure, one of the most dynamic structures in mammalians, which can reproduce in every new cycle all the mechanism involved in its fetal development. Although a lot of research has been made about the human hair follicle much less has been discovered about the importance of the cytokeratins (CKs) in its development.
Objective:
Study the immunohistochemical pattern of epithelial CKs during human hair follicle development.
Methods:
We performed an immunohistochemical study using fresh post-mortem skin biopsies of human fetuses between 4 and 25 weeks of gestational age to study the expression of cytokeratins (CKs): CK1, CK10, CK13, CK14, CK16 and CK20 during human hair follicle fetal development.
Study Limitations:
Restrospective study with a good number of makers but with a small population.
Results/Conclusion:
We found that, the CKs were expressed in an intermediate time during follicular development. The epithelial CKs (CK1, CK14, CK10, CK13) and the epithelial CKs with a proliferative character such as CK16 were expressed first, as markers of cellular maturation and follicular keratinization. At a later phase, CK20 was expressed in more developed primitive hair follicles as previously discussed in literature.
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