Residency training in robotic surgery: The role of simulation

Area of Science:

• Surgical Education
• Robotic Surgery
• Medical Simulation

Background:

• Simulation is crucial for surgical training, emphasizing the ethical principle of "never the first time on the patient."
• Existing validated programs exist for laparotomy and laparoscopy, but not specifically for robotic surgery.
• Rapid advancements in robotic surgery necessitate dedicated, validated training programs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and describe a comprehensive, validated training program for robotic surgery outside the operating room.
• To provide a structured curriculum for residents and qualified surgeons in robotic surgical techniques.
• To ensure safe transition to clinical practice through step-by-step skills acquisition.

Main Methods:

• Utilized a combined approach of theoretical e-learning and practical skills training.
• Employed various simulators: virtual (Da Vinci, Robotic Mentor), mechanical (Dome, Applied®), microsurgery, and wet lab (ex vivo organs, animals, cadavers).
• Integrated team training and emphasized step-by-step skills verification.

Main Results:

• Developed a dedicated, outside-the-operating room (OR) teaching program for robotic surgery using the Da Vinci robot.
• The program is integrated into surgical residency (DES) and offers pathways for qualified surgeons (DIU).
• The curriculum facilitates progressive skills acquisition and verification for safe clinical application.

Conclusions:

• The developed program provides a validated framework for robotic surgery education.
• This comprehensive training approach enhances surgical proficiency and patient safety.
• The program supports continuous professional development in robotic surgery for various specialties.