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Published on: April 17, 2015
On the essentials of drought in a changing climate
1Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Future droughts will intensify, but aggressive greenhouse gas emission cuts can reduce risks. Understanding drought statistics, physics, and dynamics requires robust tools, with global research opportunities available.
Area of Science:
- Climate science
- Environmental science
- Hydrology
Background:
- Future droughts are projected to increase in frequency, severity, and duration.
- Aggressive greenhouse gas emission reductions are crucial for mitigating drought risks.
- Historical context is essential for understanding drought patterns and causes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the essential tools for analyzing drought statistics, physics, and dynamics.
- To highlight the historical application of these tools globally.
- To identify research gaps and opportunities in drought-prone regions.
Main Methods:
- Synopsis of statistical, physical, and dynamical drought analysis tools.
- Review of historical drought research applications.
- Identification of under-researched drought-prone regions.
Main Results:
- Droughts are intensifying, but mitigation is possible through emission cuts.
- Established tools for drought analysis exist but are unevenly applied globally.
- Significant research opportunities exist in under-explored drought-prone areas.
Conclusions:
- Understanding drought requires a multidisciplinary approach using established analytical tools.
- Global application of drought analysis tools is limited, particularly outside North America, Europe, and the Amazon.
- Future research should focus on expanding the use of these tools in diverse drought-prone regions worldwide.
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