Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

1.7K
Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
1.7K
Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

2.2K
Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
2.2K
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

505
Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
505
Muscle Recovery and Fatigue01:24

Muscle Recovery and Fatigue

3.8K
Muscle fatigue refers to the decline in a muscle's ability to maintain the force of contraction after prolonged activity. It primarily stems from changes within muscle fibers. Even before experiencing muscle fatigue, one may feel tired and have the urge to stop the activity. This response, known as central fatigue, occurs due to changes in the central nervous system, namely the brain and spinal cord. While there is no single mechanism that induces fatigue, it may serve as a protective...
3.8K
Factors Affecting Respiration01:24

Factors Affecting Respiration

8.7K
Respiration is a crucial physiological function involving exchanging oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between an organism and its environment. Various factors can impact this essential process:
8.7K
Physiological Control of Respiration01:23

Physiological Control of Respiration

5.5K
Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
5.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tracking Performance Limits Using Multi-Timescale Maximal Mean Power Ratios.

European journal of sport science·2026
Same author

Heart rate variability coefficient of variation during sleep as a digital biomarker that reflects behavior and varies by age and sex.

American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology·2025
Same author

Perspectives of World-Class Endurance Coaches on the Evolution of Athlete Training and Performance.

International journal of sports physiology and performance·2025
Same author

Refined carbohydrates and the overfat pandemic: implications for brain health and public health policy.

Frontiers in public health·2025
Same author

The Evolution of World-Class Endurance Training: The Scientist's View on Current and Future Trends.

International journal of sports physiology and performance·2023
Same author

Carbohydrate intake before and during high intensity exercise with reduced muscle glycogen availability affects the speed of muscle reoxygenation and performance.

European journal of applied physiology·2023
Same journal

What role does the Notch signaling pathway play in exercise-related metabolic and neurological adaptations? A molecular-to-systems perspective.

Frontiers in physiology·2026
Same journal

Variation in skin barrier function throughout smoltification in Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>).

Frontiers in physiology·2026
Same journal

Correction: What role does the Notch signaling pathway play in exercise-related metabolic and neurological adaptations? A molecular-to-systems perspective.

Frontiers in physiology·2026
Same journal

Effect of high intensity interval Nordic walking and strength training on selected biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity: a quasi-experimental studies.

Frontiers in physiology·2026
Same journal

The interplay between sexual activity, athletic performance, and recovery in athletes: a narrative review.

Frontiers in physiology·2026
Same journal

The alveolar edema equation.

Frontiers in physiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers
09:24

A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers

Published on: January 28, 2020

9.3K

Maximum Aerobic Function: Clinical Relevance, Physiological Underpinnings, and Practical Application.

Philip Maffetone1,2, Paul B Laursen2

  • 1Independent Researcher, Ormond Beach, FL, United States.

Frontiers in Physiology
|April 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early humans utilized high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) for energy, supporting brain growth and longevity. A modern program, maximum aerobic function, uses personalized heart rate zones to enhance fat oxidation for improved health and performance.

Keywords:
exercise performance monitoringexercise trainingfat oxidationfatmaxhealth and fitnessheart rateoverfatventilatory threshold

More Related Videos

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
07:26

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans

Published on: October 17, 2018

21.1K
Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy
09:04

Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy

Published on: February 20, 2018

12.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 23, 2025

A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers
09:24

A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers

Published on: January 28, 2020

9.3K
Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
07:26

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans

Published on: October 17, 2018

21.1K
Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy
09:04

Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy

Published on: February 20, 2018

12.8K

Area of Science:

  • Human evolution
  • Metabolic health
  • Exercise physiology

Background:

  • Earliest humans relied on high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) for metabolic energy, supporting brain development, disease prevention, and longevity.
  • Increased fat oxidation in early humans supported prolonged, low-intensity aerobic physical activity.
  • A clinical program, maximum aerobic function, has been developed over 40 years to promote fat oxidation for health and fitness improvements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the maximum aerobic function program.
  • To introduce a personalized exercise heart rate (HR) formula for maximal fat oxidation (MFO).
  • To highlight the need for scientific verification of the program's effectiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a clinical program focused on lifestyle management.
  • Application of a personalized exercise heart rate (HR) formula.
  • Low-to-moderate intensity exercise prescription for MFO.

Main Results:

  • The program aims to improve health and fitness by increasing fat oxidation.
  • It offers a non-laboratory method for identifying exercise HR for MFO.
  • The program is associated with benefits like reduced body fat and disease prevention.

Conclusions:

  • The maximum aerobic function program offers a practical approach to enhancing health and performance through increased fat oxidation.
  • Further scientific research is required to validate the relationship between exercise training at the prescribed HR and measured MFO, health outcomes, and athletic performance.