Multiple Myeloma-Induced Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy
Ghulam Murtaza1, Hannah Lu2, Anadil Faqah1
1Department of Internal Medicine, Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn, IL, USA.
Abstract:
Multiple myeloma (MM) typically presents with hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, and bone lesions. Elevated ammonia level manifesting as altered mental status is a rare complication in MM. We report an interesting case of hyperammonemic encephalopathy in a 73-year-old male with advanced relapsing kappa-light chain MM.
Insights
A rare complication of multiple myeloma (MM) is hyperammonemic encephalopathy, causing altered mental status. This case highlights elevated ammonia levels in a patient with advanced kappa-light chain MM.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Hematology
- Neurology
Background:
- Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy typically characterized by hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, and bone lesions.
- Neurological complications in MM are uncommon, with altered mental status being a rare presenting symptom.
Observation:
- A 73-year-old male with advanced relapsing kappa-light chain MM presented with altered mental status.
- Laboratory investigations revealed significantly elevated ammonia levels.
Findings:
- The patient was diagnosed with hyperammonemic encephalopathy, a rare complication of multiple myeloma.
- This condition was directly linked to the underlying advanced hematological malignancy.
Implications:
- This case underscores the importance of considering hyperammonemic encephalopathy in the differential diagnosis of altered mental status in MM patients.
- Early recognition and management of hyperammonemia are crucial for improving neurological outcomes in affected individuals.
- Further research into the mechanisms and prevalence of this rare complication is warranted.
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