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Functional Properties of Circulating Exosomes Mediated by Surface-Attached Plasma Proteins
Tatiana Shtam1,2,3, Stanislav Naryzhny3,4, Arthur Kopylov4
1N.N.Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758, Leningradskaya 68, St.-Petersburg, Russia.
Journal of Hematology
|April 18, 2020
Summary
Plasma exosomes are coated with proteins from the circulation. This study shows these surface proteins can mask tissue-specific markers, giving exosomes uniform properties and potentially altering their function.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Cell Biology
- Proteomics
Background:
- Exosomes are key components of circulating plasma, originating from various cell types.
- The exosomal surface membrane interacts with plasma, potentially altering its composition and function.
- Understanding these surface modifications is crucial for deciphering exosome roles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the composition of proteins attached to the surface of plasma exosomes.
- To explore the functional implications of these surface-attached proteins.
Main Methods:
- Isolation of extracellular vesicles from human plasma via ultracentrifugation.
- Treatment of exosomes with trypsin to remove surface proteins.
- Analysis using nanoparticle tracking analysis, Western blotting, and quantitative high-resolution mass spectrometry.
Main Results:
- Trypsin treatment effectively removed 79 out of 259 identified exosomal proteins and partially removed over half.
- The removed proteins were predominantly located extracellularly.
- Cleaved proteins are implicated in pathways like integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK).
Conclusions:
- Circulating exosome surfaces are covered by plasma proteins.
- These adsorbed proteins can mask tissue-specific exosomal characteristics.
- Surface protein adsorption confers new, uniform properties to circulating exosomes.
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