Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Method and Instrumented Fixture for Femoral Fracture Testing in a Sideways Fall-on-the-Hip Position
Published on: August 17, 2017
Current and former smokers and hip fractures
13 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Athens, KAT Hospital, Greece.
Abstract:
The purpose of this review is to examine the correlation between tobacco smoking and hip fractures. The literature that was used for this article was based on studies that investigated not only the direct correlation between smoking and hip fractures but also the effect of smoking on bone mineral density. In general, the incidence of hip fracture was found to be higher in current smokers in both genders. Compared with never smokers, former smokers had a slightly higher risk of hip fracture that was inversely proportional to the cessation span. The relative risk (RR) of hip fracture in current male smokers was higher than the RR for nonsmokers (never and former smokers). In postmenopausal women former and current smoking increased the RR. In premenopausal and postmenopausal women, cessation of smoking decreases the risk of hip fracture. Risk rises with greater cigarette consumption. Risk declines among former smokers, but the benefit is not observed until 10 years after cessation.
More Related Videos
05:53Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty
Published on: July 24, 2013
07:22Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes
Published on: March 7, 2025
Related Concept Videos
Statistical Methods for Analyzing Epidemiological Data
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV
Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence
H0: The two variables (factors)...
Bone Disorders
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Lifestyle Factors and Health
Benefits of Physical Activity
Physical activity, whether through structured exercise or casual activities like walking, biking, or dancing, is a cornerstone of a...
Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - I