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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
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Immunotherapy for Melanoma.

Aya A Albittar1, Omar Alhalabi2, Isabella C Glitza Oliva3

  • 1Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|April 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Metastatic melanoma treatment has advanced significantly, moving beyond limited options to include targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Recent breakthroughs offer new hope for patients with advanced melanoma, including those with brain metastases.

Keywords:
Adjuvant therapyBrain metastasisCTLA-4ImmunotherapyIpilimumabMelanomaNivolumabPD-1PD-L1Pembrolizumab

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Melanoma, though less common than other skin cancers, causes significant mortality.
  • Historically, treatment options for metastatic melanoma were severely limited.
  • Recent therapeutic advancements have transformed patient care and prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review historical and current treatment modalities for metastatic melanoma.
  • To emphasize the role of immunotherapy in melanoma treatment.
  • To discuss recent advances in adjuvant therapy and treatment for brain metastases.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of existing literature on melanoma treatment.
  • Analysis of targeted therapy (BRAF and MEK inhibitors) efficacy.
  • Focus on immunotherapy-based approaches and their clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Targeted therapies (BRAF/MEK inhibitors) are a key treatment component.
  • Immunotherapy has shown significant promise and improved outcomes.
  • Advances in adjuvant settings and for melanoma brain metastases are notable.

Conclusions:

  • Current melanoma treatment landscape includes targeted therapy and immunotherapy.
  • Ongoing research in immuno-oncology continues to drive progress.
  • New therapeutic strategies offer improved options for advanced melanoma patients.