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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) offer cancer treatment benefits but can cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs), particularly diarrhea and colitis. Management ranges from anti-diarrheal agents to immunosuppressants for severe cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are vital in cancer therapy.
  • Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are common side effects, frequently impacting the gastrointestinal tract.
  • ICI-induced enterocolitis presents a spectrum of severity, potentially limiting treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced enterocolitis.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation, physical examination, stool analysis, endoscopic and histologic findings, and imaging.
  • Management strategies are tailored to symptom severity.

Main Results:

  • Gastrointestinal irAEs like diarrhea and colitis are significant concerns with ICI use.
  • Mild symptoms are managed with anti-diarrheal agents.
  • Severe cases require immunosuppressive therapies, including corticosteroids, infliximab, or vedolizumab.

Conclusions:

  • ICI-induced enterocolitis requires careful diagnosis and management.
  • Effective treatment strategies are crucial to mitigate toxicity and allow continued cancer therapy.