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Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Control of Eating Behavior Using a Novel Feedback System
Published on: May 8, 2018
Changes in the Homeostatic Appetite System After Weight Loss Reflect a Normalization Toward a Lower Body Weight
Julia Nicole DeBenedictis1, Siren Nymo1,2, Karoline Haagensli Ollestad1
1Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
Objective:
To compare appetite markers in reduced-obese individuals with a nonobese control group.
Methods:
A total of 34 adults with obesity who lost 17% body weight at week 13 and maintained this weight loss (WL) at 1 year were compared with 33 nonobese controls matched for body composition. Basal and postprandial subjective appetite ratings and appetite-related hormone concentrations (ghrelin, total peptide YY, peptide YY3-36, total and active glucagon-like peptide 1, and cholecystokinin) were measured in all participants and repeated at week 13 and 1 year in the weight-reduced group.
Results:
WL led to a reduction in prospective food consumption and an increase in feelings of hunger, fullness, and ghrelin secretion (basal and postprandial), but these new ratings were no different from those seen in controls. Postprandial concentrations of active glucagon-like peptide 1, total peptide YY, and cholecystokinin were lower in individuals with obesity at all time points compared with controls.
Conclusion:
The increased drive to eat (both subjective feelings of hunger and ghrelin concentrations) seen in reduced-obese individuals, both after acute and sustained WL, reflects a normalization toward a lower body weight. Overall, WL does not have a sustained negative impact on satiety peptide secretion, despite a blunted secretion in individuals with obesity compared with nonobese controls.
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