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Related Concept Videos

Inducible Operons: lac Operon01:25

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The lac operon in Escherichia coli is a model for understanding inducible gene regulation and metabolic flexibility. It integrates local control by lactose and global regulation through catabolite repression, enabling E. coli to preferentially metabolize glucose when available and switch to lactose utilization when glucose is scarce.Structure and Function of the lac OperonThe lac operon contains three structural genes: lacZ (β-galactosidase), lacY (lactose permease), and lacA...
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The trp operon in Escherichia coli exemplifies a repressible operon. It regulates the synthesis of tryptophan through repressor-mediated transcriptional control and attenuation. This dual regulatory mechanism ensures tryptophan biosynthesis occurs only when needed, conserving cellular resources.Structure of the trp OperonThe trp operon consists of five structural genes (trpE, trpD, trpC, trpB, and trpA) that encode enzymes for tryptophan biosynthesis. These genes are transcribed as a single...
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Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...
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The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

A Method to Assess Bacteriocin Effects on the Gut Microbiota of Mice
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Recombinant lactobacillin PlnK adjusts the gut microbiome distribution in broilers.

L Xu1, J Zhou1, G Qu1

  • 1College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou, P.R. China.

British Poultry Science
|April 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study successfully expressed plantaricin K (PlnK) in E. coli and demonstrated its broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. PlnK also modulated the gut microbiome and downregulated immune pathways in broilers.

Keywords:
Lactobacillinduodenal mucusintestinal microbiomerecombinant expression

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Animal Science

Background:

  • The biological functions of Lactobacillus bacteriocin plantaricin K (PlnK) are not well understood.
  • Investigating PlnK's properties can reveal novel antimicrobial and immunomodulatory applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To achieve heterologous expression of PlnK in E. coli.
  • To determine the antibacterial spectrum of recombinant PlnK.
  • To evaluate the effects of PlnK on the gut microbiome and intestinal immunity in broilers.

Main Methods:

  • PlnK was expressed in E. coli BL21 using isopropyl β- d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) induction.
  • The antibacterial activity of PlnK was tested against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
  • Broilers were administered PlnK, and their gut microbiome composition and duodenal immune gene expression were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • PlnK was efficiently expressed in E. coli and showed inhibitory effects on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria at concentrations above 0.10 mg/ml.
  • PlnK administration altered the gut microbiome in broilers, increasing Firmicutes and decreasing Bacteroidetes, with specific changes at family and genus levels.
  • PlnK did not significantly increase sIgA but reduced mRNA levels of TLR3, MDA5, and interferon-related genes in the broiler duodenum.

Conclusions:

  • Recombinant PlnK exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.
  • PlnK can modulate the intestinal microbiome composition in broilers.
  • PlnK downregulates key components of the interferon signaling pathway in the broiler gut.