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Breast Implant-associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Review and Multiparametric Imaging Paradigms
Bhupinder Sharma1, Amanda Jurgensen-Rauch1, Erika Pace1
1From the Departments of Radiology (B.S., E.P.), Hematopathology (A.D.A., A.C.W.), Oncology (C.B.), and Hematology (S.S., S.I., D.E.S.), Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, England; Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital Chelsea, London, England (A.J.R.); and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, England (R.S.).
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare cancer linked to breast implants. Early diagnosis using imaging is key, as effusion-only BIA-ALCL is curable, unlike mass-forming types.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Radiology
- Pathology
Background:
- Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a recognized complication of breast implants.
- Its incidence is increasing due to better recognition.
- Typical presentation involves sudden breast swelling from peri-implant effusion or mass formation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate radiologic techniques for diagnosing BIA-ALCL.
- To propose multiparametric imaging strategies for managing BIA-ALCL subtypes.
- To outline future directions in BIA-ALCL assessment.
Main Methods:
- Review of current evidence on BIA-ALCL imaging.
- Analysis of strengths and limitations of various imaging modalities (US, mammography, MRI, CT, PET/CT).
- Development of imaging paradigms for effusion-only and mass-forming BIA-ALCL.
Main Results:
- BIA-ALCL diagnosis requires high clinical suspicion and appropriate imaging/pathology.
- Standard lymphoma staging and response criteria are not directly applicable to BIA-ALCL.
- Imaging features of BIA-ALCL present unique diagnostic challenges.
Conclusions:
- Accurate diagnosis and management of BIA-ALCL rely on understanding its unique imaging characteristics.
- Multiparametric imaging approaches are crucial for optimal patient care.
- Future research should focus on novel imaging and molecular techniques for multimodal assessment.
