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Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Subdomains in Cultured Cells
Published on: February 18, 2014
ER-Phagy: Quality Control and Turnover of Endoplasmic Reticulum
Haruka Chino1, Noboru Mizushima1
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Abstract:
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest organelle in cells and has fundamental functions, such as folding, processing, and trafficking of proteins, cellular metabolism, and ion storage. To maintain its function, it is turned over constitutively, and even more actively under certain stress conditions. Quality control of the ER is mediated primarily by two pathways: the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy (termed 'ER-phagy'). The identification of ER-phagy adaptor molecules has shed light on the mechanisms and physiological significance of ER-phagy. Here, we describe recent findings on various types of ER-phagy and present unanswered questions related to their mechanism and regulation.
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