What Do We Know About Clodronate Now? A Medical and Veterinary Perspective

Richard Markell1, Gianantonio Saviola2, Elizabeth Ann Barker3

  • 1Ranch & Coast Equine Practice, Inc, Bonsall, CA; IlluminX Consulting Inc, Bonsall, CA.

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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