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Related Concept Videos

Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

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Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become...
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Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
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Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
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Inflammation01:38

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Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Neutrophil Lifespan Extension with CLON-G and an In Vitro Spontaneous Death Assay
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How Neutrophils Meet Their End.

Shelley M Lawrence1, Ross Corriden2, Victor Nizet3

  • 1Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.

Trends in Immunology
|April 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Neutrophil death occurs through various mechanisms, impacting immune responses and host health. Understanding these pathways is crucial for managing inflammation and autoimmune conditions.

Keywords:
apoptosisautophagycell deathclearanceefferocytosisgasdermin Dhomeostasisnecroptosisneutrophil extracellular trapsneutrophilsphagocytosispyroptosis

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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: How to Generate and Visualize Them
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Neutrophil turnover is vital for maintaining immune homeostasis.
  • Interactions with microbes, environment, and cell age regulate neutrophil lifespan.
  • Imbalances in neutrophil regulation affect immune defense and host well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review contemporary mechanisms of neutrophil death.
  • To analyze the immunologic consequences of different neutrophil death pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on neutrophil death.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways and cellular events involved in neutrophil demise.

Main Results:

  • Neutrophil death pathways vary, influencing inflammatory outcomes.
  • Non-lytic cell death promotes anti-inflammatory responses and healing.
  • Lytic cell death can trigger detrimental inflammation, tissue injury, and autoimmunity.

Conclusions:

  • The mechanism of neutrophil death significantly impacts host immunity.
  • Distinguishing between lytic and non-lytic death is key to understanding inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
  • Further research into neutrophil death pathways can inform therapeutic strategies.