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Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

385
Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
385
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

379
Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
379
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

353
Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2...
353
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

382
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
382
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

558
Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
558
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

834
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
834

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction
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COVID-19 and immunomodulation in IBD.

Markus F Neurath1,2

  • 1First Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie DZI, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91052, Germany markus.neurath@uk-erlangen.de.

Gut
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Summary

This review examines how COVID-19 impacts inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, focusing on susceptibility and the effects of immunosuppression. It discusses immune cell activation and implications for IBD therapies.

Keywords:
cytokinesinflammationinflammatory bowel disease

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, presents severe health challenges, including lethal complications like pneumonia and organ failure.
  • Hyperinflammation and cytokine storm syndrome are key drivers of severe COVID-19 outcomes.
  • Gastroenterology faces challenges, particularly concerning patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology of COVID-19, emphasizing immune cell activation.
  • To explore the susceptibility of IBD patients to COVID-19 and associated cytokine release syndrome.
  • To discuss the implications of immunosuppression and immunomodulation in IBD patients during the pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of COVID-19 pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of immune cell activation in severe COVID-19.
  • Discussion of potential impacts on IBD management and therapies.

Main Results:

  • IBD patients' susceptibility to COVID-19 and cytokine release syndrome requires further investigation, potentially linked to intestinal ACE2 expression.
  • The interplay between immunosuppression, immunomodulation, and COVID-19 progression in IBD patients is a critical area of concern.
  • Understanding immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for adapting IBD treatment strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Insights into COVID-19 pathophysiology, particularly immune cell activation, are vital for gastroenterology.
  • The review highlights the need for careful consideration of immunosuppressive therapies in IBD patients during the pandemic.
  • Further research is needed to guide immunomodulatory and biological therapies for IBD in the context of COVID-19.