Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

ATP Energy Storage and Release01:31

ATP Energy Storage and Release

13.7K
ATP is a highly unstable molecule. Unless quickly used to perform work, ATP spontaneously dissociates into ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), and the free energy released during this process is lost as heat. The energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used to perform work inside the cell and depends on a strategy called energy coupling. Cells couple the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis with endergonic reactions, allowing them to proceed.
One example of energy coupling using ATP involves a...
13.7K
ATP Synthase: Mechanism01:48

ATP Synthase: Mechanism

16.4K
In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased...
16.4K
Hydrolysis of ATP01:08

Hydrolysis of ATP

80.6K
The bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can be broken through the addition of water, releasing one or two phosphate groups in an exergonic process called hydrolysis. This reaction liberates the energy in the bonds for use in the cell—for instance, to synthesize proteins from amino acids.
If one phosphate group is removed, a molecule of ADP—adenosine diphosphate—remains, along with inorganic phosphate. ADP can be further hydrolyzed to AMP—adenosine...
80.6K
ATP and Energy Production01:23

ATP and Energy Production

1.3K
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a critical molecule that functions as the main energy carrier in cells. Structurally, ATP consists of an adenosine molecule—comprising adenine and ribose—bonded to three phosphate groups. The high-energy bonds between these phosphate groups store significant amounts of potential energy. This energy is released during hydrolysis, wherein ATP is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP), driving a variety of essential...
1.3K
ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

9.5K
ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
9.5K
ATP Synthase: Structure01:18

ATP Synthase: Structure

14.7K
ATP synthase or ATPase is among the most conserved proteins found in bacteria, mammals, and plants. This enzyme can catalyze a forward reaction in response to the electrochemical gradient, producing ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. ATP synthase can also work in a reverse direction by hydrolyzing ATP and generating an electrochemical gradient. Different forms of ATP synthases have evolved special features to meet the specific demands of the cell. Based on their specific feature, ATP...
14.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

ERRĪ³ deletion in podocytes accelerates aging related kidney disease.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biologyĀ·2026
Same author

Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) Supplementation Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in db/db Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes.

Journal of molecular neuroscience : MNĀ·2026
Same author

Investigation of the cortical bone metabolome of C57BL/6J mice with adenine-induced kidney disease.

JBMR plusĀ·2026
Same author

Spacio-Linear Screening for Ligand-Docking Cavities in Protein Structures: SLAM Algorithm.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)Ā·2026
Same author

The nonsteroidal MR antagonist finerenone reverses Western diet-induced kidney disease by regulating mitochondrial and lipid metabolism and inflammation.

American journal of physiology. Renal physiologyĀ·2025
Same author

The non-steroidal MR antagonist Finerenone reverses Western diet-induced kidney disease by regulating mitochondrial and lipid metabolism and inflammation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biologyĀ·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

F1FO ATPase Vesicle Preparation and Technique for Performing Patch Clamp Recordings of Submitochondrial Vesicle Membranes
08:21

F1FO ATPase Vesicle Preparation and Technique for Performing Patch Clamp Recordings of Submitochondrial Vesicle Membranes

Published on: May 4, 2013

10.8K

Learning the ABCs of ATP release.

Andrew E Libby1, Bryce Jones2, Moshe Levi1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D. C. 20007.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|April 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Cellular cholesterol reduction, via ABCG1 transporter, enhances extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release through anion channels during hypotonic stress. This suggests cholesterol metabolism influences ATP signaling in different cell types.

More Related Videos

Use of Stopped-Flow Fluorescence and Labeled Nucleotides to Analyze the ATP Turnover Cycle of Kinesins
07:25

Use of Stopped-Flow Fluorescence and Labeled Nucleotides to Analyze the ATP Turnover Cycle of Kinesins

Published on: October 17, 2014

15.9K
Measuring Nucleotide Binding to Intact, Functional Membrane Proteins in Real Time
08:33

Measuring Nucleotide Binding to Intact, Functional Membrane Proteins in Real Time

Published on: March 11, 2021

2.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 23, 2025

F1FO ATPase Vesicle Preparation and Technique for Performing Patch Clamp Recordings of Submitochondrial Vesicle Membranes
08:21

F1FO ATPase Vesicle Preparation and Technique for Performing Patch Clamp Recordings of Submitochondrial Vesicle Membranes

Published on: May 4, 2013

10.8K
Use of Stopped-Flow Fluorescence and Labeled Nucleotides to Analyze the ATP Turnover Cycle of Kinesins
07:25

Use of Stopped-Flow Fluorescence and Labeled Nucleotides to Analyze the ATP Turnover Cycle of Kinesins

Published on: October 17, 2014

15.9K
Measuring Nucleotide Binding to Intact, Functional Membrane Proteins in Real Time
08:33

Measuring Nucleotide Binding to Intact, Functional Membrane Proteins in Real Time

Published on: March 11, 2021

2.2K

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has critical extracellular functions.
  • The mechanisms of extracellular ATP release remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism of extracellular ATP release.
  • To investigate the role of cellular cholesterol in ATP release.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ABCG1 transporter to modulate cellular cholesterol levels.
  • Induced hypotonic conditions to stimulate cellular swelling.
  • Measured ATP release using volume-regulated anion channels.

Main Results:

  • Decreased cellular cholesterol levels significantly increased extracellular ATP release.
  • This release was mediated by volume-regulated anion channels under hypotonic stress.
  • The ABCG1 transporter was identified as a key regulator in this process.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular cholesterol levels directly impact extracellular ATP release.
  • Volume-regulated anion channels are crucial for ATP release during hypotonicity.
  • Differential cholesterol handling in cells may lead to varied extracellular ATP levels under hypotonic stress.