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Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in children

Hasan Tezer1, Tuğba Bedir Demirdağ2

  • 1Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences
|April 19, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is generally mild in children, but severe cases can occur, particularly in infants and those with underlying conditions. This review summarizes pediatric COVID-19 epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) rapidly became a global pandemic in 2020.
  • COVID-19 primarily affects the respiratory system, with varying severity in different age groups.
  • While generally less severe in children, pediatric COVID-19 cases can range from asymptomatic to critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of COVID-19 in pediatric populations.
  • To synthesize information on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19 in children.
  • To address the knowledge gaps regarding pediatric COVID-19 patterns and management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published pediatric COVID-19 reports.
  • Synthesis of data on epidemic trends, clinical characteristics, and diagnostic approaches.
  • Compilation of information on treatment strategies for pediatric COVID-19 cases.

Main Results:

  • Children represent 1-5% of diagnosed COVID-19 cases globally.
  • Approximately 90% of pediatric cases are asymptomatic, mild, or moderate.
  • Severe illness occurs in up to 6.7% of children, primarily those under one year or with comorbidities.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 presents differently in children compared to adults, with a generally milder course.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the epidemiological and clinical patterns of COVID-19 in pediatric patients.
  • Standardized diagnostic and treatment protocols for pediatric COVID-19 are essential.

Keywords:
COVID-19Novel corona viruspediatrics

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