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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
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Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology
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Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in infection.

Steffen Leth1, Søren Jensen-Fangel1

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.

APMIS : Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, Et Immunologica Scandinavica
|April 19, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inhibiting immune checkpoint pathways can help fight infections, similar to cancer treatment. Further research is needed to develop safe and effective strategies for patients with infectious diseases.

Keywords:
Checkpoint inhibitorsPD-1exhausted T cellsimmunologyinfection

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • T cell exhaustion and dysfunction impair the immune response against infections and cancer.
  • Blocking inhibitory immune checkpoints has proven effective in treating various cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential of inhibiting immune checkpoint pathways for controlling or clearing infectious diseases.
  • To highlight the need for further research in translating these strategies for clinical use in infections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of emerging evidence on immune checkpoint inhibition in infectious diseases.
  • Analysis of current research trends and clinical relevance.

Main Results:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibition shows promise in preclinical and some clinical studies for infectious diseases.
  • Significant challenges remain in optimizing safety and efficacy for clinical application.

Conclusions:

  • Inhibiting immune checkpoint pathways is a potential therapeutic strategy for infectious diseases.
  • Development of safe and clinically translatable strategies requires substantial further investigation.