Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Pink1-mediated mitophagy in the endothelium releases proteins encoded by mitochondrial DNA and activates neutrophil responses during inflammation.

eLife·2026

Same author

Telomerase-mediated immortalization preserves the anti-inflammatory activity of dental pulp stem cell extracellular vesicles.

Frontiers in immunology·2026

Same author

Response to comment on "Perioperative copeptin elevations and prediction of myocardial injury and acute kidney injury after abdominal surgery: A preliminary prospective observational study".

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi·2026

Same author

A role for ETV1 and endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicle microRNAs in priming fibroblast response to vesicle-bound FGF2.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Pentagalloyl glucose suppresses MSU crystal-induced gout inflammation and arachidonic acid production <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2026

Same author

Multi-omics analysis of type II diabetic wound healing reveals CD44-mediated immune cell crosstalk dysfunction in mice and humans.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Functionalization of Ti Implants

Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Functionalization of Ti Implants

Published on: August 5, 2021

Functionally engineered extracellular vesicles improve bone regeneration.

Chun-Chieh Huang¹, Miya Kang¹, Yu Lu¹

¹Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.

Acta Biomaterialia

|April 20, 2020

Summary

Genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles (EVs) show enhanced bone regeneration without containing growth factors. These Functionally Engineered EVs (FEEs) offer a promising alternative for bone repair, utilizing altered miRNA to potentiate signaling pathways.

Keywords:

BMP2 Bone regeneration Exosomes Extracellular vesicles Mesenchymal stem cells

More Related Videos

Distinctive Capillary Action by Micro-channels in Bone-like Templates can Enhance Recruitment of Cells for Restoration of Large Bony Defect

Distinctive Capillary Action by Micro-channels in Bone-like Templates can Enhance Recruitment of Cells for Restoration of Large Bony Defect

Published on: September 11, 2015

Author Spotlight: Insights into the Use of Apple-Derived Cellulose Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Author Spotlight: Insights into the Use of Apple-Derived Cellulose Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Published on: February 23, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Functionalization of Ti Implants

Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Functionalization of Ti Implants

Published on: August 5, 2021

Distinctive Capillary Action by Micro-channels in Bone-like Templates can Enhance Recruitment of Cells for Restoration of Large Bony Defect

Distinctive Capillary Action by Micro-channels in Bone-like Templates can Enhance Recruitment of Cells for Restoration of Large Bony Defect

Published on: September 11, 2015

Author Spotlight: Insights into the Use of Apple-Derived Cellulose Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Author Spotlight: Insights into the Use of Apple-Derived Cellulose Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Published on: February 23, 2024

Area of Science:

Regenerative Medicine
Biotechnology
Stem Cell Biology

Background:

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are crucial for bone regeneration, often enhanced by bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2).
Clinical use of BMP2 faces challenges like dosage control and side effects.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from MSCs present an alternative for enhancing bone regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

To engineer MSC-derived EVs with enhanced osteogenic differentiation capabilities.
To investigate the potential of Functionally Engineered EVs (FEEs) as a novel therapeutic for bone regeneration.
To elucidate the mechanism by which engineered EVs promote bone healing.

Main Methods:

Genetically modified human bone marrow derived MSCs (HMSCs) to constitutively express BMP2.
Characterized the physical and biochemical properties of engineered EVs (FEEs) compared to native EVs.
Evaluated the in vivo bone regenerative potential of FEEs in a rat calvarial defect model.
Conducted mechanistic studies to identify the components and signaling pathways affected by FEEs.

Main Results:

FEEs exhibited similar physical and biochemical characteristics to native MSC EVs.
FEEs demonstrated significantly enhanced bone regenerative potential in vivo compared to native EVs.
BMP2 protein was not detected within the FEEs, despite parental cell expression.
FEEs were found to potentiate the BMP2 signaling cascade, likely due to altered miRNA composition.

Conclusions:

MSC EVs can be functionally engineered via parental cell genetic modification to enhance osteoinductive properties.
FEEs serve as effective biomimetic substitutes for growth factors in bone regeneration.
EV miRNA composition plays a critical role in mediating engineered functionality for tissue-specific regeneration.