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Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery
Published on: January 22, 2015
Advances and challenges of mainstream nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater with anammox-based processes
Wen-Jie Ma1, Gui-Feng Li1, Bao-Cheng Huang1
1Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
Abstract:
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a novel process of deammonification that exhibits superior ecological and economic potential compared to that of traditional heterotrophic processes. Although this process has been successfully implemented in treating high-strength nitrogen-contaminated wastewater, it still faces many challenges in treating mainstream municipal wastewater. This review aims to provide an overview of the status and challenges of mainstream anammox-based processes. The different configurations and crucial factors are discussed in this review. Finally, the future needs for feasible application are stated. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Factors restricting mainstream application of anammox-based processes are reviewed. Control strategies for selecting and maintaining anammox bacteria are discussed. Recent advances in nitrite production via partial nitrification or denitrification are summarized. Future needs for the feasible application of anammox-based nitrogen removal technology for mainstream municipal wastewater treatment are outlined.
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