Hybrid nanobiocomposites based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) - characterization, thermal and mechanical properties

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) is a biopolymer used to production of implants in the human body. On the other hand, the physical and mechanical properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) are compared to the properties of isotactic polypropylene what makes poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) possible substitute for polypropylene. Unfortunately, the melting point of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) is almost equal to its degradation temperature what gives very narrow window of its processing conditions. Therefore, numerous attempts are being made to improve the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) properties. In the present work, hybrid nanobiocomposites based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) as a matrix with the use of organic nanoclay - Cloisite 30B and linear polyurethane as a second filler have been manufactured. The linear polyurethane was based on diphenylmethane 4,4'-diisocyanate and diol with imidazoquinazoline rings. The obtained nanobiocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and their selected mechanical properties were tested. The resulting hybrid nanobiocomposites have intercalated/exfoliated structure. The nanobiocomposites are characterized by a higher thermal stability and a wider range of processing temperatures compared to the unfilled matrix. The plasticizing influence of nanofillers was also observed. In addition, the mechanical properties of the discussed nanobiocomposites were examined and compared to those of the unfilled poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). The new-obtained nanobiocomposites based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) containing 1% Cloisite 30B and 5 wt. % of the linear of polyurethane characterized the highest improvement of processing conditions. They have the biggest difference between the temperature of degradation and the onset melting temperature, about 100 °C.