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A Cryptic Alternative for the Evolution of Hyphae.

Magnus Ivarsson1,2, Henrik Drake3, Stefan Bengtson2

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M, DK 5230, Denmark.

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Fossil fungi suggest hyphal development originated deep underground before plants colonized land. This challenges traditional views, proposing ancient subsurface life shaped early fungal evolution.

Keywords:
deep biospherefungihyphal evolution

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Area of Science:

  • Paleomycology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Geomicrobiology

Background:

  • A growing fossil record indicates hyphal fungi existed in the subsurface during the Phanerozoic eon (≈400 million years ago) and possibly earlier.
  • This challenges the traditional view that hyphal evolution coincided with land plant emergence during the Ordovician-Devonian period.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an alternative perspective on hyphal evolution, suggesting origins in the deep biosphere.
  • To outline a research strategy for investigating the early evolution of hyphae.

Main Methods:

  • Investigating uncharted geological materials for fungal fossils.
  • Developing and applying new diagnostic techniques for fossil identification.
  • Comparative studies with extant (currently living) fungal species.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests hyphae-based fungi were present in the deep biosphere concurrently with early land plant evolution.
  • Fundamental hyphal functions may have evolved in response to ancient subsurface, endolithic (living within rock) lifestyles.

Conclusions:

  • The evolution of hyphae might predate land colonization, driven by subsurface environmental pressures.
  • Further research into geological records and modern fungi is crucial to fully understand hyphal evolution.