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Polymyositis/dermatomyositis is a potential risk factor for acute respiratory failure: a pulmonary heart disease

Shih-Huei Syue1, Yi-Hua Chang1, Pei-Ju Shih1

  • 1Department of Family Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi.

Annals of Translational Medicine
|April 21, 2020
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM) patients face a five-fold increased risk of acute respiratory failure (ARF). This heightened risk persists regardless of age, sex, or existing conditions, underscoring the serious pulmonary implications of these autoimmune diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Pulmonology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Limited research exists on the link between polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM) and acute respiratory failure (ARF).
  • This study addresses the knowledge gap by investigating the association between PM/DM and ARF incidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if patients diagnosed with PM/DM have a higher incidence of ARF.
  • To quantify the risk of ARF in a PM/DM cohort compared to a general population cohort.

Main Methods:

  • A nationwide cohort study utilized the National Health Insurance Research Database.
  • 1,374 newly diagnosed PM/DM patients were compared with 13,740 controls, matched for age, sex, and index year.
  • Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was employed to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) for ARF.

Main Results:

  • The adjusted HR of ARF was 5.05 for the PM/DM cohort versus the non-PM/DM cohort.
  • The risk of ARF significantly increased in PM/DM patients, independent of age, sex, comorbidities, or medication.
  • Comorbidities like cardiac disease, COPD, pneumonia, and pulmonary vascular diseases amplified the risk of ARF in the PM/DM cohort.

Conclusions:

  • PM/DM is a significant risk factor for ARF.
  • Pulmonary heart disease in PM/DM patients contributes to ARF risk, even without other comorbidities.
  • The findings highlight the critical need for monitoring respiratory health in PM/DM patients.
Keywords:
Pulmonary heart diseaseacute respiratory failure (ARF)cohort studyheart failurepolymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM)

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