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Related Concept Videos

Symbiosis00:58

Symbiosis

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Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
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Related Experiment Video

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Vector Competence Analyses on Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes using Zika Virus
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Zika Virus Circulation in Mali.

Issa Diarra, Elif Nurtop, Abdoul Karim Sangaré

    Emerging Infectious Diseases
    |April 21, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    Zika virus (ZIKV) circulates in Mali, with approximately 12% of the population showing evidence of infection. This study identified a previously unknown ZIKV outbreak in the late 1990s.

    Keywords:
    MaliZika virusarbovirusmosquitoesseroprevalencevector-borne infectionsviruses

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    Area of Science:

    • * Medical Entomology
    • * Epidemiology
    • * Virology

    Background:

    • * The circulation of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Mali remains poorly understood.
    • * Previous characterization of ZIKV epidemiology in the region is limited.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To assess the seroprevalence of ZIKV infection in two distinct ecoclimatic regions of Mali.
    • * To investigate the historical ZIKV transmission patterns and identify potential outbreaks.

    Main Methods:

    • * Serologic survey conducted on 793 asymptomatic volunteers (2016) and 637 blood donors (2013).
    • * ELISA and seroneutralization assays were employed to detect ZIKV-specific antibodies.
    • * Study sites included tropical savannah and warm semiarid regions of Mali.

    Main Results:

    • * Overall ZIKV seroprevalence was approximately 12%, increasing with age, with no sex-based difference.
    • * Immunological markers indicated an outbreak in the late 1990s in 18% of participants in warm semiarid sites.
    • * Tropical savannah sites showed a low rate of endemic transmission (2.5% annually).

    Conclusions:

    • * ZIKV is actively circulating in Mali.
    • * Evidence suggests a previously unrecognized ZIKV outbreak occurred in the late 1990s.
    • * The findings highlight the importance of ongoing ZIKV surveillance in Mali.