Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups
Published on: February 11, 2012
Computational Evidence for Homonuclear GeIGeI Dative Bonds
1Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
Abstract:
Dative bonds between identical atoms of the same formal oxidation state are formed as geometric and electronic constraints turn an otherwise lone pair into a bond. Calculations at the B3LYP/6-31+g(d,p) level supported by additional atoms in molecules (AIM) and electron localization function (ELF) analyses on selected germanium polycations are used to prove the concept. The electron density (ρ) is not equally shared between the two atoms of such a homonuclear dative bond (HDB), and the associated charge transfer results in formal charges contradicting chemical convention.
More Related Videos
14:55Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Published on: September 17, 2017
09:37Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry
Published on: October 18, 2019
Related Concept Videos
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling
¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Homotopic and Heterotopic Protons
2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques
COSY90 is the standard two-dimensional (2D) COSY experiment that...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...