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Radial System Protection

Radial System Protection

Radial systems employ time-delay overcurrent relays to reduce load interruptions. When a fault occurs, the nearest breaker opens first, while upstream breakers remain closed due to longer delay settings. This approach ensures minimal disruption to the rest of the system.
In a radial system with a fault downstream of the third breaker, ideally, only the third breaker will open, isolating the fault and interrupting the load connected beyond it. The second breaker has a longer delay setting,...

Root Loci for Positive-Feedback Systems

Root Loci for Positive-Feedback Systems

The Hartley oscillator is a positive feedback system that sustains oscillations by feeding the output back to the input in phase, thereby reinforcing the signal. Positive feedback systems can be viewed as negative feedback systems with inverted feedback signals. In these systems, the root locus encompasses all points on the s-plane where the angle of the system transfer function equals 360 degrees.
The construction rules for the root locus in positive feedback systems are similar to those in...

Zones of Protection

Zones of Protection

In power systems, the entire setup is divided into protective zones to isolate faults and protect the rest of the network. These zones include generators, transformers, buses, transmission lines, distribution lines, and motors. Each zone can be visualized as a separate room in a house, with each room protected by its own circuit breaker.
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BIBO stability of continuous and discrete -time systems

BIBO stability of continuous and discrete -time systems

System stability is a fundamental concept in signal processing, often assessed using convolution. For a system to be considered bounded-input bounded-output (BIBO) stable, any bounded input signal must produce a bounded output signal. A bounded input signal is one where the modulus does not exceed a certain constant at any point in time.
To determine the BIBO stability, the convolution integral is utilized when a bounded continuous-time input is applied to a Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) system....

State Space Representation

State Space Representation

The frequency-domain technique, commonly used in analyzing and designing feedback control systems, is effective for linear, time-invariant systems. However, it falls short when dealing with nonlinear, time-varying, and multiple-input multiple-output systems. The time-domain or state-space approach addresses these limitations by utilizing state variables to construct simultaneous, first-order differential equations, known as state equations, for an nth-order system.
Consider an RLC circuit, a...

Routh-Hurwitz Criterion I

Routh-Hurwitz Criterion I

Consider an electrical power grid, where stability is essential to prevent blackouts. The Routh-Hurwitz criterion is a valuable tool for assessing system stability under varying load conditions or faults. By analyzing the closed-loop transfer function, the Routh-Hurwitz criterion helps determine whether the system remains stable.
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Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

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Published on: September 8, 2023

Distributed Resilient Estimator Design for Positive Systems Under Topological Attacks.

Shunyuan Xiao, Xiaohua Ge, Qing-Long Han

IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics

|April 21, 2020

Summary

This study introduces a new framework for resilient estimation in sensor networks, enhancing system reliability against topological attacks. The developed estimators ensure accurate data processing despite intermittent communication disruptions.

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Design and Analysis for Fall Detection System Simplification

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Published on: April 6, 2020

Area of Science:

Control Systems Engineering
Network Security
Distributed Computing

Background:

Distributed resilient estimation is crucial for positive systems in sensor networks.
Existing methods struggle with heterogeneous communication capacities and topological attacks.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a heterogeneous sensor interaction framework for resilient estimation.
To develop distributed resilient estimators robust to topological attacks.
To analyze performance with a prescribed l1-gain attenuation level.

Main Methods:

A heterogeneous sensor interaction framework allowing distinct communication topologies.
Construction of two sets of distributed resilient estimators.
Resilience performance analysis using l1-gain.
Linear programming for estimator design.

Main Results:

The proposed framework effectively models topological attacks and communication disruptions.
The developed estimators successfully cope with random denial of information exchanges.
The resilience performance analysis provides a quantifiable attenuation level.
The linear programming approach facilitates estimator design.

Conclusions:

The proposed distributed resilient estimation method is effective for positive systems.
The framework and estimators demonstrate robustness against topological attacks.
The approach is validated through a vehicle formation monitoring system.