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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

834
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
834
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

379
Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Perturbations of Circulating miRNAs in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Detected Using a Multiplexed High-throughput Gene Expression Platform
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Microbiome-Based Biomarkers for IBD.

Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan1

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
|April 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gut microbiome influences Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. Microbiome biomarkers show promise for predicting disease activity and treatment response in these immune-mediated conditions.

Keywords:
Crohn diseasebiomarkermicrobiomeulcerative colitis

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiome Research

Background:

  • Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis are complex immune-mediated diseases with varied presentations.
  • Current clinical predictors of adverse outcomes are insufficient for patient risk stratification.
  • The gut microbiome is implicated in the pathogenesis of these inflammatory bowel diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of microbiome-based biomarkers in predicting disease course and treatment resistance.
  • To highlight the need for robust validation of these biomarkers in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Review of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies on gut microbial changes in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Analysis of microbial diversity, phyla composition (e.g., Firmicutes), and specific bacterial abundances.
  • Emphasis on multicenter cohort development with harmonized protocols.

Main Results:

  • Reduced gut microbial diversity observed in patients with Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis.
  • Depletion of anti-inflammatory bacteria (Firmicutes) and increased potentially pathogenic bacteria noted.
  • Longitudinal studies reveal microbial changes correlating with disease activity and therapy resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Microbiome-based biomarkers hold significant potential for risk stratification and disease prediction in inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Further validation through large, multicenter studies is crucial for clinical integration.
  • Understanding the gut microbiome is key to advancing the management of Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis.