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Related Concept Videos

Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Thermoregulation01:26

Thermoregulation

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The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
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Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

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Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
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Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

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Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
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Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions01:21

Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions

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In cold weather, masonry construction requires specific precautions to ensure mortar does not freeze before curing, as this can significantly weaken its strength and watertightness. Mortar temperature should be maintained between 60°F and 80°F to support proper hydration and curing. Below 40°F, mortar water must be heated, but should not exceed 120°F as high temperatures can reduce mortar's compressive and bond strength.
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Thermal Stress01:09

Thermal Stress

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If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions
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Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions

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Improved 2000-m Rowing Performance in a Cool Environment With an External Heating Garment.

Gavin Cowper, Martin Barwood, Stuart Goodall

    International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
    |April 21, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    Using a heated jacket after a rowing warm-up improved 2000-m rowing performance in cool conditions. This intervention maintained core body temperature and enhanced comfort, leading to faster race times.

    Keywords:
    clothingpassive heatingrowerstemperature

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    Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management
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    Area of Science:

    • Sports Science
    • Exercise Physiology
    • Environmental Physiology

    Background:

    • Rowers often experience prolonged passive rest in marshaling areas before races, potentially negating warm-up benefits, especially in cold environments.
    • The impact of external heating garments on rowing performance following a warm-up in cool conditions is not well understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate if wearing a heated jacket after a standardized rowing warm-up can enhance 2000-m rowing performance in a cool environment.
    • To assess the effects of external heating on core body temperature, skin temperature, and perceptual comfort during pre-race rest.

    Main Methods:

    • Ten trained male rowers underwent a standardized warm-up followed by 25 minutes of passive rest before a 2000-m rowing time trial.
    • Participants wore either a tracksuit top (CON) or a heated jacket (HEAT) during passive rest in a controlled cool environment (8°C, 50% humidity).
    • Measurements included rowing performance, core body temperature, mean skin temperature, and perceptual comfort.

    Main Results:

    • The heated jacket (HEAT) group maintained core body temperature (increased by 0.54°C) compared to the control group (CON) which experienced a decrease (-0.93°C).
    • Mean skin temperature was significantly higher in the HEAT group (30.22°C) versus the CON group (28.86°C).
    • Rowers reported greater comfort in the HEAT condition, and this translated to improved rowing performance (433.1s in HEAT vs. 437.9s in CON).

    Conclusions:

    • Wearing an upper-body external heating garment post-warm-up can significantly improve rowing performance in cool conditions.
    • External heating helps maintain core body temperature and enhances comfort, which are critical factors for optimizing athletic performance in the cold.