Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance01:29

Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

1.4K
Metabolic reactions in the body produce nonvolatile acids, such as sulfuric acid, which generate an acid load of approximately 1 mEq of H+ per kilogram of body weight daily. Excreting H+ in the urine is essential to balance this acid load.
In the kidneys, cells within the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and the collecting ducts secrete hydrogen ions (H+) into the tubular fluid. Specifically, in the PCT, Na+/H+ antiporters secrete H+ while reabsorbing Na+.
However, the intercalated cells in...
1.4K
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

734
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
734
Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

6.6K
The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
6.6K
Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns01:29

Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns

1.1K
Microorganisms exhibit diverse oxygen requirements and growth patterns driven by their metabolic strategies and environmental adaptations. Oxygen, while essential for many organisms, can also be toxic under certain conditions, shaping how microorganisms grow and survive.Oxygen Requirements of MicroorganismsMicroorganisms are classified based on their ability to use or tolerate oxygen:● Obligate aerobes like Mycobacterium tuberculosis need oxygen for energy production, as it serves as the...
1.1K
Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors01:25

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors

1.1K
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...
1.1K
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

4.3K
In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
4.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The effect of pre-exercise hyperventilation on repeated high-intensity inclined sprint performance.

Experimental physiology·2026
Same author

Tacrolimus Induced Hypertension and Vascular Remodeling Includes Mechanisms of Cellular Senescence-The Protective Effect of Valsartan.

Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Continuous multimodal physiological monitoring during the Race Across America (RAAM) of a 58-year-old athlete.

Physiological measurement·2025
Same author

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for hypertension in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome.

Experimental physiology·2025
Same author

Accuracy of energy expenditure estimation by the Apple Watch in EMS-supported exercise.

Physiological measurement·2025
Same author

Lipocalin-2 Restores Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase-Dependent Dilation of the Afferent Arteriole After Renal Transplantation or Ex Vivo Hypoxia/Reoxygenation in Mice.

Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
08:50

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

16.6K

Reactive oxygen species in renal vascular function.

Nan Xu1, Shan Jiang1, Pontus B Persson2

  • 1Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.

Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England)
|April 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), primarily from NADPH oxidase, cause kidney damage by disrupting renal hemodynamics. This oxidative stress contributes to hypertension, acute and chronic kidney injury, and diabetic nephropathy.

Keywords:
afferent arteriolehypertensionreactive oxygen speciesrenal microvasculaturevasa recta

More Related Videos

Visualization of Vascular Ca2+ Signaling Triggered by Paracrine Derived ROS
07:33

Visualization of Vascular Ca2+ Signaling Triggered by Paracrine Derived ROS

Published on: December 21, 2011

15.9K
Author Spotlight: Innovative Techniques for ROS Detection and Implications for Platelet Research
06:35

Author Spotlight: Innovative Techniques for ROS Detection and Implications for Platelet Research

Published on: March 29, 2024

1.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
08:50

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

16.6K
Visualization of Vascular Ca2+ Signaling Triggered by Paracrine Derived ROS
07:33

Visualization of Vascular Ca2+ Signaling Triggered by Paracrine Derived ROS

Published on: December 21, 2011

15.9K
Author Spotlight: Innovative Techniques for ROS Detection and Implications for Platelet Research
06:35

Author Spotlight: Innovative Techniques for ROS Detection and Implications for Platelet Research

Published on: March 29, 2024

1.0K

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Oxidative Stress Research

Background:

  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are byproducts of aerobic metabolism.
  • An imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant defenses causes cellular damage, contributing to renal disease pathogenesis.
  • The NADPH oxidase (NOX) family is a primary source of ROS in the vasculature, influencing renal perfusion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role of oxidative stress in the function and dysfunction of renal hemodynamics.
  • To elucidate how ROS contribute to kidney injury, hypertension, and diabetic nephropathy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on ROS production, signaling pathways (Ang II, adenosine, AT1R, A1R), and their effects on renal microcirculation.
  • Analysis of the impact of ROS on renal afferent arterioles (Af) and tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF).

Main Results:

  • Upregulation of Ang II and adenosine activates NOX, leading to superoxide production in renal microvessels.
  • Oxidative stress promotes renal vascular remodeling and increases preglomerular resistance.
  • ROS exacerbate hypertension and diabetes by increasing Af vasoconstriction, enhancing myogenic responses, and altering TGF.

Conclusions:

  • Renal microcirculatory alterations induced by ROS are critical contributors to the pathophysiology of kidney injury, hypertension, and diabetes.
  • Oxidative stress significantly impacts renal hemodynamics, playing a key role in various renal diseases.