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Disentangling the mechanisms shaping the surface ocean microbiota.

Ramiro Logares1,2, Ina M Deutschmann3, Pedro C Junger4

  • 1Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), CSIC, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. ramiro.logares@icm.csic.es.

Microbiome
|April 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Ocean microbes, prokaryotes and picoeukaryotes, are structured by different ecological rules. Understanding these differences is key to predicting ocean health and response to climate change.

Keywords:
Community structureDispersalDriftEcological processesMicrobiotaOceanPicoeukaryotesPlanktonProkaryotesSelection

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Area of Science:

  • Marine microbial ecology
  • Ocean biogeochemistry
  • Molecular ecology

Background:

  • Ocean microbiota plays a crucial role in global biogeochemical cycles.
  • Ecological mechanisms structuring marine microbial communities are not fully understood.
  • Focus on the smallest plankton: prokaryotes and picoeukaryotes in tropical/subtropical surface oceans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate ecological mechanisms (selection, dispersal, drift) shaping prokaryotic and picoeukaryotic communities.
  • Identify abiotic factors influencing selection and spatial patterns.
  • Compare the ecological structuring of prokaryotes and picoeukaryotes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of DNA-sequence data (16S and 18S rRNA genes) from prokaryotic and picoeukaryotic communities.
  • Utilized data from the Malaspina-2010 and TARA Oceans expeditions.
  • Examined community composition, spatial patterns, and influence of abiotic variables.

Main Results:

  • Picoeukaryotes are primarily structured by dispersal limitation, while prokaryotes are shaped by dispersal, selection, and drift.
  • Temperature-driven selection significantly impacts prokaryotic co-occurrence networks, but not picoeukaryotes.
  • Picoeukaryotes show greater spatial differentiation and distance decay, indicating stronger dispersal limitation.

Conclusions:

  • Differential ecological mechanisms lead to contrasting biogeography of prokaryotes and picoeukaryotes in tropical/subtropical oceans.
  • The unique characteristics of major microbial constituents must be considered for understanding ocean microbiota.
  • Crucial for predicting ocean microbiota's response to global change, particularly rising temperatures.