Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

RNA Editing

RNA Editing

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...

Improving Translational Accuracy

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...

Mismatch Repair

Mismatch Repair

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

HDA19-mediated deacetylation of histone H3.3 at lysines 27 and 36 regulates plant sensitivity to salt stress.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Same author

EZ-Pair graph: scalable unified-axis visualization method for summarizing large-scale paired data.

Bioinformatics advances·2026

Same author

Molecular evolution in light of regulatory-coding epistasis.

EMBO reports·2026

Same author

Ethanol application enhances freezing stress tolerance in Arabidopsis and sugar beet.

Plant molecular biology·2026

Same author

Predicting antifolate resistance in the unculturable fungal pathogen Pneumocystis jirovecii.

PLoS genetics·2026

Same author

Tolerance to extracellular acidic pH facilitates tumor plasticity.

Cell reports·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Efficient PAM-Less Base Editing for Zebrafish Modeling of Human Genetic Disease with zSpRY-ABE8e

Efficient PAM-Less Base Editing for Zebrafish Modeling of Human Genetic Disease with zSpRY-ABE8e

Published on: February 17, 2023

Perturbing proteomes at single residue resolution using base editing.

Philippe C Després^1,2,3,4, Alexandre K Dubé^1,2,3,4,5, Motoaki Seki⁶

¹Département de Biochimie, Microbiologie et Bio-informatique, Faculté de Sciences et Génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.

Nature Communications

|April 22, 2020

Summary

This study demonstrates that base editing technology can systematically modify genes genome-wide, identifying crucial sites impacting cellular fitness and revealing features of effective gene editing strategies for proteome-scale analysis.

More Related Videos

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms

Published on: May 25, 2018

Functional Assessment of BRCA1 variants using CRISPR-Mediated Base Editors

Functional Assessment of BRCA1 variants using CRISPR-Mediated Base Editors

Published on: February 28, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Efficient PAM-Less Base Editing for Zebrafish Modeling of Human Genetic Disease with zSpRY-ABE8e

Efficient PAM-Less Base Editing for Zebrafish Modeling of Human Genetic Disease with zSpRY-ABE8e

Published on: February 17, 2023

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms

Published on: May 25, 2018

Functional Assessment of BRCA1 variants using CRISPR-Mediated Base Editors

Functional Assessment of BRCA1 variants using CRISPR-Mediated Base Editors

Published on: February 28, 2021

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Biotechnology

Background:

CRISPR-Cas9 derived base editors enable precise gene modification but lack genome-scale throughput.
Systematic, large-scale application of base editing remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the Target-AID base editor's capability for genome-wide gene modification at scale.
To identify essential yeast genes and specific sites where mutations significantly affect fitness.
To uncover features that determine the effectiveness of guide RNAs (gRNAs) in base editing.

Main Methods:

Utilized the Target-AID base editor to systematically mutate approximately 17,000 sites across over 1500 essential yeast genes in parallel.
Assessed the impact of these mutations on cellular fitness.
Analyzed the relationship between mutation effects, gRNA characteristics, residue conservation, and predicted protein destabilization.

Main Results:

Identified over 700 mutation sites with a significant impact on yeast fitness.
Found that gRNAs targeting sites with significant fitness effects were enriched for variants predicted to be deleterious.
Characterized key features influencing gRNA efficacy in base editing applications.

Conclusions:

Base editing is a powerful tool for identifying functionally important amino acid residues at a proteome scale.
This technology enables systematic, genome-wide screening for gene function and essential residues.
The findings provide insights into optimizing base editing strategies for large-scale genetic studies.