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Updated: Dec 23, 2025
Robotic Cochlear Implantation for Direct Cochlear Access
Published on: June 16, 2022
Management of Far-Advanced Otosclerosis: Stapes Surgery or Cochlear Implant
Münir Demir Bajin1, Onur Ergün2, Betül Çiçek Çınar3
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
Objective:
The aim of this report is to share our experience and treatment outcomes with far-advanced otosclerosis (FAO) patients.
Methods:
Patients that underwent surgery from 2003 through 2014 at a tertiary referral center were retrospectively reviewed. Nineteen FAO patients were included in the study. Audiological results and the ability to communicate face to face and over telephone were considered as the main outcome measures.
Results:
Six FAO patients benefited well from stapedotomy with an average of 5.9-decibel (dB) air-bone gap and 86% median speech discrimination. Cochlear implantation (CI) was performed in 13 patients; two had disease progression after stapedotomy, five had failed stapes surgeries elsewhere, and six preferred CI as primary treatment. Median speech discrimination score of CI patients was 78.4%. Overall, all patients had satisfactory face-to-face communication and 90% could use telephone.
Conclusion:
Bilateral stapedotomy and wearing hearing aid is an effective and cost-effective solution for restoring natural binaural hearing and requires no specific training. Should stapedotomy fail, cochlear implantation is always a successful back-up option.
