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Quantification of gasoline-ethanol blend emissions effects
Nigel N Clark1, David L McKain1, Tammy Klein1
1Future Fuel Strategies , Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)
|April 22, 2020
Summary
Ethanol blending in gasoline can reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions, especially in newer gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, by lowering aromatic content. However, results vary, highlighting the need to consider fuel composition changes.
Area of Science:
- Combustion science
- Environmental science
- Automotive engineering
Background:
- Ethanol blending in gasoline affects fuel properties like octane and distillation.
- Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine technology differs from older port fuel injection (PFI) systems.
- Predicting air quality impacts of ethanol requires understanding these complex interactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the impact of ethanol blending (E10, E15) on particulate matter (PM) emissions.
- To compare emissions predictions from PFI-based models with newer GDI engine data.
- To evaluate the role of reduced aromatics and altered distillation curves.
Main Methods:
- Utilized five models based on U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Energy Policy Act (EPAct) data.
- Predicted LA92 Phase 1 PM emissions for E0, E10, and E15 gasoline blends.
- Analyzed data from Coordinating Research Council (CRC) studies on GDI engines.
Main Results:
- PFI-derived models predicted substantial PM reductions for E10 and E15 due to lower aromatics.
- GDI engine studies showed mixed results: some indicated PM increases, others significant reductions.
- Recent GDI data suggest E15 may reduce PM by approximately 25% compared to E0.
Conclusions:
- Ethanol blending can lead to modest to substantial reductions in cold-start PM mass.
- Nonlinear blending properties and associated fuel adjustments must be considered for accurate modeling.
- Older PFI-based models do not reliably predict emissions for modern GDI engines.
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