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Related Concept Videos

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase
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Evolution: Is Recombination Rate Variation Adaptive?

Beth L Dumont1

  • 1The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recombination rates differ, but their evolutionary role is unclear. A new study shows adaptive evolution drives recombination rate divergence in Drosophila pseudoobscura populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genetics
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Recombination rates exhibit significant variation across species and individuals.
  • The evolutionary implications of this variation are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary forces shaping recombination rate divergence.
  • To determine if adaptive evolution plays a role in varying recombination rates within natural populations.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of recombination rates in two natural populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura.
  • Genetic and statistical analyses to identify signatures of selection.

Main Results:

  • Recombination rate divergence between the two Drosophila pseudoobscura populations is substantial.
  • Evidence suggests that adaptive evolution has driven this divergence.

Conclusions:

  • Adaptive evolution is a significant factor contributing to variations in recombination rates.
  • Understanding recombination rate variation is crucial for comprehending evolutionary processes.