Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Types of Membrane Protrusions01:28

Types of Membrane Protrusions

3.5K
The protrusion of the cell surface is an initial step for several cellular processes, including cell migration, phagocytosis, and neurite outgrowth. These membrane protrusions are a result of cytoskeletal rearrangement. The most  widely observed cell protrusions include lamellipodia, pseudopodia, filopodia, microvilli, invadopodia, and podosomes. These protrusions can be of two types — static or dynamic.
The microvilli, an example of stable protrusions, are finger-like projections...
3.5K
Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation01:31

Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation

3.4K
Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
3.4K
Enlargement of the Plasma Membrane01:22

Enlargement of the Plasma Membrane

2.2K
Cell division and enlargement are processes that require precise control. The control ensures that cell division cannot proceed unless the cell has grown to a specific size. A spherical, dividing cell requires an approximately 1.6X increase in its surface area to double its volume. The secretory pathway also has a significant role in cell membrane enlargement. Secretory vesicles that bud off from the Golgi apparatus and later fuse with the plasma membrane during exocytosis are a major source of...
2.2K
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

3.2K
Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
3.2K
Peptidoglycan Synthesis01:28

Peptidoglycan Synthesis

1.6K
Structure of PeptidoglycanPeptidoglycan is a vital structural component of the bacterial cell wall, providing mechanical strength and shape to the cell. It consists of repeating units of two sugars—N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)—linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. These sugar chains are cross-linked by short peptide chains, forming a mesh-like polymer that surrounds the bacterial plasma membrane.Cytoplasmic Phase – Precursor SynthesisPeptidoglycan...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Magnetometry with a space-based differential atom interferometer.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Successful off-label use of vascular closure devices in fully percutaneous transaxillary aortic valve implantation.

Open heart·2026
Same author

Redefining pandemic resilience: a roadmap for post-infectious syndrome preparedness and health system transformation.

Frontiers in health services·2026
Same author

Large extracellular vesicles derived from red blood cells in coronary artery disease patients with anemia promote endothelial dysfunction.

Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology·2026
Same author

From lipid overload to autophagy collapse: how lipid dysregulation drives chronic inflammation and metabolic disease.

Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.]·2026
Same author

Trametinib for the treatment of advanced stage patients with arterio-venous malformations.

VASA. Zeitschrift fur Gefasskrankheiten·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Peptides from Phage Display Library Modulate Gene Expression in Mesenchymal Cells and Potentiate Osteogenesis in Unicortical Bone Defects
07:53

Peptides from Phage Display Library Modulate Gene Expression in Mesenchymal Cells and Potentiate Osteogenesis in Unicortical Bone Defects

Published on: December 10, 2010

18.4K

The Lipopeptide MALP-2 Promotes Collateral Growth.

Kerstin Troidl1,2, Christian Schubert2, Ann-Kathrin Vlacil3

  • 1Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.

Cells
|April 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Macrophage activating protein of 2-kDa (MALP-2) enhances blood flow recovery after femoral artery ligation in mice. This Toll-like receptor 2/6 ligand promotes collateral artery growth and improves vascular function.

Keywords:
TLR2/6blood flow recoverycollateral growthfemoral artery ligation

More Related Videos

Recombinant Collagen I Peptide Microcarriers for Cell Expansion and Their Potential Use As Cell Delivery System in a Bioreactor Model
08:43

Recombinant Collagen I Peptide Microcarriers for Cell Expansion and Their Potential Use As Cell Delivery System in a Bioreactor Model

Published on: February 7, 2018

7.9K
Visualizing Angiogenesis by Multiphoton Microscopy In Vivo in Genetically Modified 3D-PLGA/nHAp Scaffold for Calvarial Critical Bone Defect Repair
09:34

Visualizing Angiogenesis by Multiphoton Microscopy In Vivo in Genetically Modified 3D-PLGA/nHAp Scaffold for Calvarial Critical Bone Defect Repair

Published on: September 7, 2017

9.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Peptides from Phage Display Library Modulate Gene Expression in Mesenchymal Cells and Potentiate Osteogenesis in Unicortical Bone Defects
07:53

Peptides from Phage Display Library Modulate Gene Expression in Mesenchymal Cells and Potentiate Osteogenesis in Unicortical Bone Defects

Published on: December 10, 2010

18.4K
Recombinant Collagen I Peptide Microcarriers for Cell Expansion and Their Potential Use As Cell Delivery System in a Bioreactor Model
08:43

Recombinant Collagen I Peptide Microcarriers for Cell Expansion and Their Potential Use As Cell Delivery System in a Bioreactor Model

Published on: February 7, 2018

7.9K
Visualizing Angiogenesis by Multiphoton Microscopy In Vivo in Genetically Modified 3D-PLGA/nHAp Scaffold for Calvarial Critical Bone Defect Repair
09:34

Visualizing Angiogenesis by Multiphoton Microscopy In Vivo in Genetically Modified 3D-PLGA/nHAp Scaffold for Calvarial Critical Bone Defect Repair

Published on: September 7, 2017

9.7K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Vascular Biology
  • Innate Immunity and Cardiovascular Health

Background:

  • Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play roles in immune defense and vascular processes.
  • Macrophage activating protein of 2-kDa (MALP-2) is a lipopeptide and a TLR2/6 ligand.
  • Impaired blood flow and collateral artery growth are critical in peripheral artery disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of MALP-2 in promoting blood flow recovery.
  • To assess MALP-2's effects on collateral artery development and vascular function in a mouse model of peripheral artery disease.

Main Methods:

  • Hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E (Apoe)-deficient mice underwent femoral artery ligation (FAL).
  • Blood flow recovery was monitored using laser speckle imaging.
  • Collateral artery growth, endothelial cell proliferation, macrophage accumulation, capillary density, nitric oxide (NO) production, and vasorelaxation were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • MALP-2 significantly improved blood flow recovery at early time points (3 and 7 days post-FAL).
  • MALP-2 promoted collateral artery growth, intimal endothelial cell proliferation, and pericollateral macrophage accumulation.
  • MALP-2 enhanced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation, NO release, vasorelaxation, and leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion.

Conclusions:

  • MALP-2 effectively promotes peripheral blood flow recovery by stimulating collateral artery growth.
  • MALP-2 enhances vascular function through increased NO bioavailability and improved endothelial cell responses.
  • MALP-2 demonstrates therapeutic potential for improving circulation in conditions like peripheral artery disease.