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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

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Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

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The short scar three-block L-wing technique.

Norbert Pallua1, Bong-Sung Kim2, Dan Mon O'Dey3

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Aesthetic Elite International - Private Clinic, Königsallee 88, 40212 Düsseldorf, Germany.

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery : JPRAS
|April 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A new three-block L-wing reduction mammaplasty technique enhances breast reduction outcomes. This method improves nipple-areola complex (NAC) vascularity and sensation, potentially reducing complications and improving aesthetics.

Keywords:
Breast feedingBreast reductionBreast sensitivityL-techniqueMastopexyNipple areola complex

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

  • Hypertrophic breasts present surgical challenges including preserving nipple-areola complex (NAC) viability, sensation, breastfeeding function, and aesthetic outcomes.
  • Existing reduction mammaplasty techniques face difficulties in addressing these multifaceted concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate a novel three-block L-wing reduction mammaplasty technique.
  • To address the limitations of conventional methods in hypertrophic breast reduction.

Main Methods:

  • The study involved 60 patients undergoing the three-block L-wing reduction mammaplasty.
  • This technique utilizes a superiorly based NAC pedicle with medial and lateral pillars.

Main Results:

  • The technique enhances vascular safety and sensory supply to the NAC by minimizing tissue dissection.
  • Potential benefits include reduced fat necrosis, improved wound healing, preserved breastfeeding function, and aesthetically pleasing results.
  • The procedure simplifies the L-wing mammaplasty, potentially decreasing postoperative complications.

Conclusions:

  • The three-block modification of the superior pedicle L-wing mammaplasty offers a simplified approach.
  • This technique may lead to improved aesthetic and functional outcomes while reducing complications in breast reduction surgery.