Simultaneous optimization of parameters influencing organic mulch test using response surface methodology

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Soil Science
• Agricultural Engineering

Background:

• Wind erosion is a significant environmental threat, particularly in arid regions, exacerbated by climate change and drought.
• Vegetation degradation leads to increased soil exposure and susceptibility to wind erosion.
• Mulching is a common strategy for wind erosion control, with various physical and chemical types available.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop an inexpensive and readily available organic mulch to mitigate wind erosion and environmental pollution.
• To optimize the composition of a Chaff, Manure, Biosolids, and Black Strap mixture for erosion control.
• To evaluate the mulch's effectiveness in enhancing soil penetration resistance and reducing wind erosion.

Main Methods:

• Utilized the Response Surface Method (RSM) with a Central Composite Design (CCD) for experimental optimization.
• Investigated the effects of varying concentrations of Chaff, Manure, Biosolids, and Black Strap on erosion and penetration resistance.
• Coded each variable at five distinct levels to systematically explore the design space.

Main Results:

• Determined optimal mulch compositions for penetration resistance (e.g., 19.23g Biosolids) and wind erosion control (e.g., 19.95g Manure) at 1.8 kg/cm².
• Observed that increased use of Chaff, Manure, and Biosolids enhanced adhesion and erosion resistance.
• Noted that excessive Black Strap decreased effectiveness due to soil particle loosening.

Conclusions:

• The developed organic mulch effectively combats wind erosion and improves soil penetration resistance.
• RSM modeling accurately predicted experimental outcomes, validating the reliability of simulation results.
• This research offers a sustainable and cost-effective approach to managing wind erosion in vulnerable areas.